Email this article 
Phagochytosis Activity Test of Red Ginger and Angkak Combination Extract by Carbon Clearance Method
Abstract
Red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe var. rubrum) and angkak (Oryza sativa) are used in traditional chinese medicine to improve body health. Both are known to have immunostimulatory activity that increases phagocytic activity of macrophage. This study aims to determine the phagocytic activity of the combination extract of red ginger and angkak using carbon clearance method. Combination of red ginger and angkak (7:3) was kinetically macerated in ethanol 96%. Twenty white mice were divided into 5 groups, such as control group (CMC-Na 0.5%), positive control (Levamisole 2.5 mg/kgBB), and three experiment group that was given red ginger extract (105 mg/kgBB), angkak extract (105 mg/kgBB), and combination extract of red ginger-angkak (150 mg/kgBB). All treatments were given orally for sevendays, consecutively. The phagocytosis index (IF) value was determined on day 8 by injecting carbon intravenously and immunostimulant activity was shown if IF>1. The highest IF value of three extracts was shown by combination extract (1.2489±0.0261) compared to red ginger and angkak extract, mentioned 1.2030±0.0448 and 1.0537±0.0254, respectively. Moreover, the IF values of combination extract and red ginger were significantly (p<0.05) different compared to the control group of CMC-Na (IF=1). However, it is significantly (p>0.05) lower compared to the levamisole group (1.5187±0.0534). It could be concluded that the combined extract of red ginger-angkak showed the greatest phagocytic activity against male white mice compared to extract of red ginger and angkak itself.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abebe, D., Aman, K., Helen, B., Gomathi, P. (2022). In-vivo evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of crude extract and solvent fractions of Cyphostemma adenocaule. Heliyon, 8(12), e12377.
Aditya, G., Ajay, K. S. (2017). Experimental animal models used for evaluation potential immunomodulators: A mini review. Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, 55(2), 211-216.
Ahmadniaye, M. H., Safari, O., Selahvarzi, Y., Baghalian, A., Kia, E. (2020). Non-Specific Immunity Promotion In Response To Garlic Extract Supplemented Diets In Female Guppy (Poecilia Reticulata). Fish Shellfish Immunol, 9(7), 96–9.
Aldi, Y., Amdani, A., Bakhtiar, A. (2016). Aktivitas Senyawa Skopoletin dari Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia, Linn.) terhadap Respon Fisiologi Makrofag Mencit Putih Jantan. Sci J Farm dan Kesehat, 6(1), 25.
Aldi, Y., Ogiana, N., Handayani, D. (2018). Uji Imunomodulator Beberapa Subfraksi Ekstrak Etil Asetat Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri [L]) pada Mencit Putih Jantan dengan Metoda Carbon Clearance. B-Dent, J Kedokt Gigi Univ Baiturrahmah, 1(1), 70–82.
Ali, H., Ali, D.; Almutairi, B. O., Kumar, G., Karga, G.A., Masi, C.. Sundramurthy, V. P. (2022). Synergistic Effect of Conventional Medicinal Herbs against Different Pharmacological Activity. BioMed. Res. Int. 7337261.
Aliviameita, A., Puspitasari. (2020). Buku Ajar Mata Kuliah Imunohematologi. Sidoarjo: Umsida Press.
Ardhianta, I. R., Jasson, M. P., Sri, R. H. (2017). Antiparkinson Activity Of Rosella Extract (Hibiscus Sabbdariffa L.) In White Male (Rattus Norvegicus) Sprague Dawley Rats Induced By Haloperidol, 14(2):160–8.
Basuny, A. M., Abdel-Raheam, H.E.F. (2020). Red And Yellow Monascus Pigments As Potential Natural Antioxidants For Fatty Foods. Plant Arch, 20, 444–449.
Baratawidjaja, K., Rengganis, I. (2018) Imunologi Dasar. Jakarta: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.
Eduardo, P. F., Adriana, S. C. C., Nycolas, L. P., Fabiana, P., Elisabeth, C. U. (2017). Levamisole enhances the innate immune response and prevents increased cortisol levels in stressed pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Fish & Shellfish J. Immunology, 65(1), 96-102.
Foudah, A. I., Shakeel, F., Yusufoglu, H. S., Ross, S. A., Alam, P. (2020). Simultaneous Determination Of 6-Shogaol And 6-Gingerol In Various Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) Extracts And Commercial Formulations Using A Green RP-HPTLC-Densitometry Method. Foods, 9(8), 1136.
Handayani, N., Wahyuono, S., Hertiani, .T, Murwanti, R. (2018). Uji Aktivitas Fagositosis Makrofag Ekstrak Etanol Daun Suji (Dracaena Angustifolia (Medik.)Roxb. ) Secara In Vitro. Jurnal Farmasi Medica, 1(1), 26-32.
Hasim, A. D., Islamiati, W., Wahdah, H. A. F., Nur, F. D. (2018). Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract of Red Yeast Rice and its Fractionation Products. Res J Phytochem, 12(2), 52–9.
González, K., Gutiérrez, R., Hernández, Y., Rodriguez, M., Iglesias, O. (2016). Determination Of The Antioxidant Capacity Of Two Seagrass Species According To The Extraction Method. J Pharm Pharmacogn Res, 4(5),199–205.
Ilasamola, D., Aldi, Y., Fakhri, M., Diliarosta, S., Biomechy, Oktomalio, P.,
Noverial. (2018). Immunomodulatory Effect Test From Moringa Leaf Extract (Moringa oleifera l.) with Carbon Clearance Method in Male White mice. Asian J Pharm Clin Res, 11(9), 241–5.
Kresno, S. B. (2010). Imunologi Diagnosis dan Prosedur Laboratorium. Edisi VI. Jakarta: Palai Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia.
Luhurningtyas, F., Susilo, J., Yuswantina, R., Widhihastuti, E., Ardiyansah, F. (2021). Aktivitas Imunomodulator Dan Kandungan Fenol Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Rimpang Jahe Merah (Zingiber Of Icinale Rosc. Var.Rubrum). Indonesian Journal Of Pharmacy And Natural Produc, 4(1), 51–9.
Masniah, M., Rezi, J., Faisal, A. (2021). Isolasi Senyawa Aktif Dan Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Jahe Merah (Zingiber Officinale) Sebagai Imunomodulator. Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia, 3(2), 77–91.
Musdalipah, Agung, W. M. Y., Karmilah, Selfyana A.T., Reymon, Nur S.D., Azdar, S. (2022). Toksisitas Akut Dan Lethal Dose (Ld50) Ekstrak Buah Walay (Meistera Chinensis) Asal Sulawesi Tenggara Terhadap Mencit (Mus Musculus). J. Pharmacoscript, 5(2), 186-200
Nantaporn, P., Pharkphoom, P. (2022). [6]-Gingerol: A narrative review of its beneficial effect on human health. J. Food Chemistry Advances, 1, 100043.
Nofitasari, L., Peranginangin, J., Sri, D., Handayani, R. (2017). Sparague Dawley Rats Induced By Haloperidol. Jurnal Setiabudi, 14(2), 169–81.
Pebriani, F., Milanda, T. (2022). Review Artikel: Aktivitas Farmakologi Angkak (Beras Merah Fermentasi Kapang Monascus Purpureus). Jurnal Farmaka, 20(2), 42-55.
Putra, D. P., Novelina, N., Asben, A. (2021). Stability and Toxicity Test of Angkak Pigment Powder from Sago Hampas- Rice Flour Substrate as Natural Dyes. J Appl Agric Sci Technol, 5(1), 38–49.
Rahman, H., Aldi, Y., Mayanti, E. (2017). Aktifitas Imunomodulator Dan Jumlah Sel Leukosit Dari Ekstrak Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus Lemairei (Hook.) Britton & Rose) Pada Mencit Putih Jantan. Jurnal Farmasi Higea, 8(1), 44-58.
Rosales., C, Demaurex, N., Lowell, Ca., Uribe-Querol, E. (2016). Neutrophils: Their Role In Innate And Adaptive Immunity. J Immunol Res, 1(2), 16-20.
Roseno, M., Sudaryat, Y., Widyastiwi. (2019). Aktivitas Immunomodulator Ekstrak Etanol Kemukus (Piper Cubeba), Kiseureuh (Piper Aduncum), Dan Cabe Jawa (Piper Retrofractum) Pada Mencit Jantan Galur Balb/C. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia, 17(2), 255–61.
Rowe, R.C., Sheskey, P. J. (2009). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. th ed. USA.
Sari, E. R., Rima, T. (2022). Efek Imunostimulan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jengkol (Archidendron Jiringa (Jack) I.C. Nielsen) Pada Mencit Putih Jantan. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Farmasyifa, 5(1), 62-70.
Sebayang, L., Hasibuan, A. (2021). Uji Efek Imunumodulator Vco (Virgin Coconut Oil) Pada Tikus Jantan. J Bios Logos, 11(2),139.
Senja, R. Y., Elisa, I., Akhmad, K.N., Erna, P.S. (2014). The Comparison Of Extraction Method And Solvent Variation On Yield And Antioxidant Activity Of Brassica Oleracea L. Var. Capitata F. Rubra Extract. Traditional Medicine Journal, 19(1), 43-48.
Shi, A., Wang, L. D., Li, J., Benu, A. (2012). The effect of NaCl on the rheological properties of suspension containing spray dried starch nanoparticles. Carbohydrate polymers, 90, 1530-7.
Tiwari, S., Talreja, S. (2022). Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) VS. Paper Chromatography: A Review. Acta Sci Pharm Sci, 6(9):5–9.
Triana, E., Yulinery, T., Nurhidayat, N. (2014). Analisis Citrinin, Lovastatin, Dan Pigmen Pada Angkak Hasil Fermentasi Beras IR 42 Dengan Monascus Purpureus Hasil Mutagenesis Etidium Bromida. J. Sains Teknologi, 4(1), 459-466.
Tritanti, A., Pranita, I. (2019). The making of red ginger (zingiber officinale rovb. var. rubra) natural essential oil. J Phys Conf Ser, 1273 012053.
Wall, P.E. (2005). Thin-layer Chromatography RSC Chromatography Monographs. Great Britain: Royal Society of Chemistry.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1347-1353
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2025 Fajar Nugraha, Halim, Hariyanto IH, Andhi Fahrurroji, Desy Siska Anastasia
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry |
|
