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Contraceptive Potential of the Methanol Seed Extract of Piliostigma thonningii (Schum) Milne-Redh in Female Wistar Rats
Abstract
The investigation of contraceptive effects of Piliostigma thonningii on female Wistar rats offers. Fresh seeds of Piliostigma thonningii were collected from Kaduna State, Nigeria, shade-dried, and processed into methanol extract. A total of twenty-four healthy female Wistar rats, weighing 200-248 grams. The rats were divided into four groups (n=6), each receiving post-coital therapy; the control group was administered graded dosages of wild Bauhinia seed aqueous extract (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg). Prior to administration of the extract, the female rats were paired with male rats using 1:1 ratio for a period of 48 hours. During this period, the female rats were frequently monitored for the presence of vaginal sperm plug, indicative of imminent mating. The results indicated that graded doses (200, 400, and 800 mg/kg) of Piliostigma thonningii methanol seed extract showed a significant reduction in triglycerides (TAG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) within normal physiological ranges with slight elevation in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels when compared to the control group. The extract had a significant reduction in serum estrogen levels in comparison with the control. A marginally significant difference in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) was observed in the tested female rats compared with the control group. Additionally, a decrease in progesterone levels was observed when contrasted with the control. Histological analysis revealed no acute inflammatory cell infiltrate in the myometrium at the 200 mg/kg dose, which displayed a normal uterine wall, endometrium, and myometrium. Further research is imperative to establish consistent pharmacodynamics dosage regimens.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1683-1690
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