Association Between Visceral Fat and Monocyte Count in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence from a Referral Hospital Study

Henhen Heryaman, Alfi Alfisa Aji, Maya Kusumawati

Abstract


The majority of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exhibit central obesity. Central obesity is characterized by an abnormally high accumulation of visceral adipose tissue. Individuals with both obesity and T2DM often present with additional immune dysfunction, including significantly elevated monocyte counts compared to metabolically healthy obese individuals. A recent study has demonstrated a correlation between visceral fat and monocyte count in young adults with obesity; however, this association remains unclear in patients with T2DM. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using a total sampling design from August to September 2022 at AMC Hospital, Indonesia. History taking, physical examination, and laboratory examination were conducted. Visceral fat, monocyte count, and confounders (age, gender, diagnosis duration of T2DM, glycemic control (using FBG), BMI, WC, number of comorbidities, and number of drug use) were observed. In the complete sample (n = 57), after adjusting for confounding variables, there was no statistically significant association between visceral fat and monocyte count (adjusted ? = 86.635, 95% CI [–19.050, 192.321], P = 0.106). However, after excluding one influential subject and controlling for confounders, a significant association was observed (adjusted ? = 110.023, 95% CI [11.111, 208.935], P = 0.030). There was a significant association between visceral fat and monocyte count in T2DM.

Keywords


Type 2 diabetes mellitus; visceral fat; monocyte count

Full Text:

PDF

References


Aiello, A., Farzaneh, F., Candore, G., Caruso, C., Davinelli, S., Gambino, C. M., Ligotti, M. E., Zareian, N., & Accardi, G. (2019). Immunosenescence and Its Hallmarks: How to Oppose Aging Strategically? A Review of Potential Options for Therapeutic Intervention. Front Immunol, 10, 2247. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02247

Banday, M. Z., Sameer, A. S., & Nissar, S. (2020). Pathophysiology of diabetes: An overview. Avicenna J Med, 10(4), 174-188. https://doi.org/10.4103/ajm.ajm_53_20

Berbudi, A., Rahmadika, N., Tjahjadi, A. I., & Ruslami, R. (2020). Type 2 Diabetes and its Impact on the Immune System. Curr Diabetes Rev, 16(5), 442-449. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573399815666191024085838

B?aszczyk-B?benek, E., Piórecka, B., P?onka, M., Chmiel, I., Jagielski, P., Tuleja, K., & Schlegel-Zawadzka, M. (2019). Risk Factors and Prevalence of Abdominal Obesity among Upper-Secondary Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101750

CDC. (2021). New Research Uncovers Concerning Increases in Youth Living with Diabetes in the U.S. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2021/p0824-youth-diabetes.html

Chait, A., & den Hartigh, L. J. (2020). Adipose Tissue Distribution, Inflammation and Its Metabolic Consequences, Including Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med, 7, 22. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcvm.2020.00022

de Frel, D. L., Atsma, D. E., Pijl, H., Seidell, J. C., Leenen, P. J. M., Dik, W. A., & van Rossum, E. F. C. (2020). The Impact of Obesity and Lifestyle on the Immune System and Susceptibility to Infections Such as COVID-19. Front Nutr, 7, 597600. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.597600

Dinkes. (2019). Jumlah Penderita Diabetes Melitus Berdasarkan Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Barat https://opendata.jabarprov.go.id/id/dataset/jumlah-penderita-diabetes-melitus-berdasarkan-kabupatenkota-di-jawa-barat

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods, 39(2), 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/bf03193146

Galicia-Garcia, U., Benito-Vicente, A., Jebari, S., Larrea-Sebal, A., Siddiqi, H., Uribe, K. B., Ostolaza, H., & Martín, C. (2020). Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci, 21(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21176275

IDF. (2021). IDF DIABETES ATLAS, 10th edition. International Diabetes Federation.

Kaplan, J. L., Marshall, M. A., C, C. M., Harmon, D. B., Garmey, J. C., Oldham, S. N., Hallowell, P., & McNamara, C. A. (2015). Adipocyte progenitor cells initiate monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-mediated macrophage accumulation in visceral adipose tissue. Mol Metab, 4(11), 779-794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molmet.2015.07.010

Khan, S., Chan, Y. T., Revelo, X. S., & Winer, D. A. (2020). The Immune Landscape of Visceral Adipose Tissue During Obesity and Aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 11, 267. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2020.00267

Liang, X., Chen, X., Li, J., Yan, M., & Yang, Y. (2018). Study on body composition and its correlation with obesity: A Cohort Study in 5121 Chinese Han participants. Medicine (Baltimore), 97(21), e10722. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000010722

Nagareddy, P. R., Murphy, A. J., Stirzaker, R. A., Hu, Y., Yu, S., Miller, R. G., Ramkhelawon, B., Distel, E., Westerterp, M., Huang, L. S., Schmidt, A. M., Orchard, T. J., Fisher, E. A., Tall, A. R., & Goldberg, I. J. (2013). Hyperglycemia promotes myelopoiesis and impairs the resolution of atherosclerosis. Cell Metab, 17(5), 695-708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2013.04.001

Nauli, A. M., & Matin, S. (2019). Why Do Men Accumulate Abdominal Visceral Fat? Front Physiol, 10, 1486. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01486

Nesto, R. W. (2005). Obesity: a major component of the metabolic syndrome. Tex Heart Inst J, 32(3), 387-389.

Owolabi, E. O., Ter Goon, D., & Adeniyi, O. V. (2017). Central obesity and normal-weight central obesity among adults attending healthcare facilities in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa: a cross-sectional study. J Health Popul Nutr, 36(1), 54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-017-0133-x

PERKENI. (2019). Pedoman Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Dewasa di Indonesia. PB PERKENI

Pi-Sunyer, F. X. (2009). The impact of weight gain on motivation, compliance, and metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Postgrad Med, 121(5), 94-107. https://doi.org/10.3810/pgm.2009.09.2056

Provilus, A., Abdallah, M., & McFarlane, S. I. (2011). Weight gain associated with antidiabetic medications. Clinical Practice, 8(2), 113.

Richard, C., Wadowski, M., Goruk, S., Cameron, L., Sharma, A. M., & Field, C. J. (2017). Individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes have additional immune dysfunction compared with obese individuals who are metabolically healthy. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care, 5(1), e000379. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2016-000379

Shuster, A., Patlas, M., Pinthus, J. H., & Mourtzakis, M. (2012). The clinical importance of visceral adiposity: a critical review of methods for visceral adipose tissue analysis. Br J Radiol, 85(1009), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1259/bjr/38447238

Siram, A. T., Yanagisawa, R., & Skamagas, M. (2010). Weight management in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Mt Sinai J Med, 77(5), 533-548. https://doi.org/10.1002/msj.20208

van Greevenbroek, M. M., Schalkwijk, C. G., & Stehouwer, C. D. (2013). Obesity-associated low-grade inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: causes and consequences. Neth J Med, 71(4), 174-187.

Villar-Álvarez, F., de la Rosa-Carrillo, D., Fariñas-Guerrero, F., & Jiménez-Ruiz, C. A. (2022). Immunosenescence, immune fitness and vaccination schedule in the adult respiratory patient. Open Respiratory Archives, 4(3), 100181.

Wong, M. C. S., Huang, J., Wang, J., Chan, P. S. F., Lok, V., Chen, X., Leung, C., Wang, H. H. X., Lao, X. Q., & Zheng, Z. J. (2020). Global, regional and time-trend prevalence of central obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 13.2 million subjects. Eur J Epidemiol, 35(7), 673-683. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-020-00650-3

Wu, Y., Ding, Y., Tanaka, Y., & Zhang, W. (2014). Risk factors contributing to type 2 diabetes and recent advances in the treatment and prevention. Int J Med Sci, 11(11), 1185-1200. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.10001




DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1477-1482

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2026 Henhen Heryaman, Alfi Alfisa Aji, Maya Kusumawati



Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
ISSN 2089-6514 (paper) - ISSN 2540-9328 (online)
Published by Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity.

CC BY NC
This work is licensed under a CC BY-NC