Antioxidant Activity Test with DPPH Method and Identification of Bioactive Compounds of Kesambi Stem Bark Extract (Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken) Using UPLC-QToF-MS/MS

Ruth Datemoli, Loth Botahala, Maximus M. Taek

Abstract


Free radicals can cause oxidative stress that contributes to various degenerative diseases, so safer natural antioxidant sources are needed. Kesambi (S. oleosa (Lour.) Oken) stem bark is traditionally used by the people of Maru Village, Alor Regency, as a herbal remedy for postpartum maternal care, but scientific studies are still limited. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of kesambi stem bark extract using the DPPH method, identify bioactive compounds using UPLC-QToF-MS/MS, and evaluate its potential as a traditional herbal ingredient. The study was conducted through maceration extraction using 70% ethanol, followed by phytochemical testing, testing antioxidant activity using the DPPH method at a wavelength of 517 nm, and identification of bioactive compounds using UPLC-QToF-MS/MS. The results of the study showed that the phytochemical test of kesambi stem bark extract was positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenolics, and triterpenoids. The antioxidant activity of the extract was classified as very strong with an IC50 value of 6.56 ppm, close to ascorbic acid (IC50 5.68 ppm). UPLC-QToF-MS/MS analysis successfully identified 12 bioactive compounds dominated by phenolics, flavonoid glycosides, condensed tannins, lignans, and steroid saponins that have the potential to act as antioxidants. The conclusion of this study showed that kesambi stem bark extract has very strong antioxidant activity and contains secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds that have the potential to support its use as a traditional herbal ingredient.


Keywords


Antioxidants; DPPH; kesambi bark; phytochemicals; UPLC-QToF-MS/MS

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.14421/biomedich.2026.152.2051-2059

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Copyright (c) 2026 Ruth Datemoli, Loth Botahala, Maximus M. Taek



Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry
ISSN 2089-6514 (paper) - ISSN 2540-9328 (online)
Published by Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity.

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